Toxic goiter

Toxic goiter is a medical condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland that produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, leading to a condition known as hyperthyroidism. The condition is also known as Graves' disease when it is accompanied by other symptoms such as eye disease and skin disorders.

Causes

Toxic goiter is primarily caused by an overactive thyroid gland. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, including autoimmune diseases, thyroid nodules, and certain medications. In some cases, the exact cause of toxic goiter is unknown.

Symptoms

The symptoms of toxic goiter can vary widely, but often include weight loss, increased heart rate, nervousness, sweating, and tremors. In severe cases, patients may experience thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of toxic goiter typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or radioiodine scan to visualize the thyroid gland.

Treatment

Treatment for toxic goiter aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones and alleviate symptoms. This can be achieved through medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with toxic goiter is generally good. However, long-term management may be required to maintain normal thyroid function and prevent recurrence of the condition.

See also

• Thyroid disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Graves' disease
• Thyroidectomy