BBV152

Detailed information about BBV152, a COVID-19 vaccine

BBV152, also known as Covaxin, is an inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute of Virology (NIV). It is one of the vaccines used in the global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development and Approval

BBV152 was developed using a traditional approach of inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The inactivation process involves killing the virus so that it cannot replicate, but still elicits an immune response when introduced into the body. This method has been used in the past for other vaccines, such as those for polio and influenza.

The vaccine underwent several phases of clinical trials to assess its safety and efficacy. Phase 1 and 2 trials were conducted in India, showing promising results in terms of safety and immunogenicity. Phase 3 trials involved a larger population to further evaluate its effectiveness in preventing COVID-19.

In January 2021, BBV152 received emergency use authorization in India, allowing it to be administered to the public. The decision was based on interim data from the Phase 3 trials, which indicated a high efficacy rate against symptomatic COVID-19.

Mechanism of Action

BBV152 works by introducing an inactivated form of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the body. This inactivated virus cannot cause disease, but it stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus. These antibodies can then recognize and neutralize the virus if the vaccinated individual is exposed to it in the future.

The vaccine is administered in two doses, typically given four weeks apart. The two-dose regimen is designed to boost the immune response and provide longer-lasting protection.

Storage and Distribution

BBV152 can be stored at standard refrigerator temperatures (2-8 degrees Celsius), which makes it easier to distribute and store compared to some other COVID-19 vaccines that require ultra-cold storage conditions. This characteristic is particularly advantageous for distribution in regions with limited cold chain infrastructure.

Efficacy and Safety

Clinical trials have demonstrated that BBV152 is effective in preventing COVID-19, including severe cases. The vaccine has also shown efficacy against several variants of the virus, although ongoing studies continue to monitor its effectiveness against emerging variants.

Common side effects reported include mild to moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, and fever. These side effects are generally short-lived and resolve without medical intervention.

Global Use and Impact

BBV152 has been approved for use in several countries and is part of the global vaccination effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been included in the COVAX initiative, which aims to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines worldwide.

Also see

• COVID-19 vaccine
• Bharat Biotech
• SARS-CoV-2
• Indian Council of Medical Research
• National Institute of Virology