Hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (stage II) in axilla.jpg
Hidradenitis suppurativa (stage II) in the left armpit
Synonyms	Acne inversa, acne conglobata, apocrine acne, Verneuil's disease, Velpeau’s disease
Specialty	Dermatology
Symptoms	Multiple inflamed and swollen skin lesions
Usual onset	Young adulthood
Duration	Long-term
Types	Stage I, II, III
Causes	Unknown
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms
Differential diagnosis	Acne, acne conglobata, pilonidal cysts
Treatment	Warm baths, laser therapy, surgery
Medication	Antibiotics, immunosuppressive medication
Frequency	1–4% of people
Deaths	Rare

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), alternatively known as acne inversa, is a chronic skin disease manifested by recurrent inflamed lesions and nodules. These lesions are frequently painful and prone to rupture, releasing fluid or pus. Scar tissue often forms after the lesions heal. Due to its physical manifestations, HS can have significant psychosocial impacts, including self-consciousness and depression.

Presentation and Affected Areas

HS typically manifests in areas of the body where skin rubs together, like the axillary (underarm) regions, inframammary (under the breasts) areas, and the groin. Lesions may also develop around the anal and genital areas. The skin condition evolves from small, pimple-like bumps to hard, painful nodules that can persist for weeks or months.

Etiology

The precise etiology of HS remains uncertain, but it's thought to arise from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental triggers. Approximately one-third of HS patients have a family history of the disease. Modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and smoking, are also associated with HS. The condition is not infectious, and it does not result from poor hygiene or deodorant use.

The pathogenesis is believed to involve either apocrine sweat gland dysfunction or hair follicle abnormalities, leading to follicular occlusion and secondary bacterial infection and inflammation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HS is primarily clinical, based on characteristic patient history and physical examination. The recurrent nature of the painful, pus-filled nodules in the characteristic body areas strongly points to this condition.

Treatment

Management of HS focuses on reducing flare-ups, relieving symptoms, and preventing disease progression. It often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.

See also

• Acne Vulgaris
• Folliculitis
• Skin Abscess
• Sweat Glands

• Hidradenitis suppurativa
  Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Hidradenitis suppurativa growths
  Hidradenitis suppurativa growths
• Hidradenitis suppurativa on abdomen
  Hidradenitis suppurativa on abdomen
• Hidradenitis suppurativa
  Hidradenitis suppurativa
• Micrograph of hidradenitis suppurativa
  Micrograph of hidradenitis suppurativa
• Hidradenitis suppurativa lesions
  Hidradenitis suppurativa lesions
• Hidradenitis suppurativa on leg
  Hidradenitis suppurativa on leg