Antipsychotic medication

Antipsychotic medication refers to a group of drugs primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders. Antipsychotics are usually effective in relieving symptoms of psychosis in the short term.

History

The first generation of antipsychotics were introduced in the 1950s. The discovery of the first antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was a significant breakthrough in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The second generation of antipsychotics, also known as atypical antipsychotics, came into use in the 1990s and include drugs like clozapine and risperidone.

Mechanism of action

Antipsychotics are believed to work by blocking receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways. However, this is not a complete explanation as the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics is believed to be substantially mediated via antagonism of the dopamine receptor, D2.

Side effects

Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and weight gain. Some antipsychotics are associated with serious side effects such as an increased risk of stroke and early death.

Types of antipsychotics

There are two main types of antipsychotics: typical and atypical. Typical antipsychotics are older and can have serious side effects. Atypical antipsychotics are newer and are less likely to cause side effects.

Use in treatment

Antipsychotics are used in the treatment of a variety of mental health conditions including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. They can also be used to treat severe anxiety and insomnia in some cases.

See also

• Psychiatry
• Pharmacology
• Mental health