Central giant-cell granuloma

Central giant-cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign oral condition that involves the jaw or mandible. It is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells within a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells.

Etiology

The exact cause of CGCG is unknown. However, it is believed to be a reactive process rather than a true neoplasm. Some researchers suggest that it may be related to trauma or irritation, but this theory is not universally accepted.

Clinical Features

CGCG typically presents as a painless swelling or enlargement of the jaw. It may cause displacement of teeth, root resorption, and occasionally pain or paresthesia. The lesion is often discovered during routine dental radiographs, where it appears as a radiolucent area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CGCG is based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Radiographically, the lesion appears as a well-defined or ill-defined radiolucent area, often with a multilocular appearance. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells.

Treatment

Treatment options for CGCG include surgical curettage, resection, and intralesional steroid injections. The choice of treatment depends on the size and location of the lesion, as well as the patient's age and general health.

Prognosis

The prognosis for CGCG is generally good, with a low recurrence rate after treatment. However, larger lesions and those treated with curettage alone may have a higher recurrence rate.

See Also

• Giant cell
• Granuloma
• Jaw tumors and cysts