Riga–Fede disease

Riga–Fede disease is a rare, benign mucosal condition, often associated with the process of teething in infants and young children. The disease is characterized by the development of a painless ulcer or abrasion on the ventral surface of the tongue, caused by repetitive trauma against the emerging lower incisor teeth.

Etiology

The exact cause of Riga–Fede disease is not well understood. However, it is believed to be primarily related to the mechanical trauma inflicted by the sharp edges of newly erupted teeth against the tongue during sucking or other oral movements. Other factors, such as nutritional deficiencies, infections, or systemic diseases, may also contribute to the development of the condition.

Clinical Presentation

The most common clinical presentation of Riga–Fede disease is a painless ulcer on the underside of the tongue. The ulcer is typically well-defined, with a fibrous base and raised, indurated edges. It may vary in size, but is usually less than 1 cm in diameter. Other symptoms may include difficulty feeding, excessive drooling, and failure to thrive.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Riga–Fede disease is primarily based on clinical examination. The characteristic appearance of the ulcer, along with the patient's age and the presence of newly erupted teeth, are usually sufficient to establish a diagnosis. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions, such as malignancy or infectious diseases.

Treatment

Treatment of Riga–Fede disease is primarily aimed at eliminating the source of trauma. This may involve smoothing the edges of the offending teeth or using a soft mouth guard to protect the tongue. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the ulcer. Topical or systemic corticosteroids may also be used to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Riga–Fede disease is generally good. With appropriate treatment, the ulcer typically heals without scarring within a few weeks. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to complications such as tongue deformity, feeding difficulties, and speech problems.

See Also

• Oral mucosa
• Teething
• Ulcer (dermatology)

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