Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

<languages /><translate> An X-ray test used to measure bone density and check for osteoporosis.

Bone density scanner

Bone density scanner

Pronunciation

MIH-neh-rul DEN-sih-tee skan

Other names

Also called BMD scan, DEXA, DEXA scan, dual energy x-ray absorptiometric scan, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and DXA.

How is it performed?

An imaging test that measures bone density, or the the amount of bone mineral contained in a certain volume of bone) by passing x-rays with two different energy levels through the bone.

Clinical use

It is used to diagnose osteoporosis (decrease in bone mass and density).

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assessment of bone mineral density of the femoral neck

Indications

A DEXA scan or bone mineral density scan is indicated in the following conditions:

• Diagnose osteopenia
• Diagnose osteoporosis
• Predict risk of future fractures
• See if treatment for osteoporosis is working

Who needs a DEXA scan?

• Most women age 65 or older should have a bone density scan.
• Women in this age group are at high risk for losing bone density, which can lead to fractures.

Osteopenia

Osteopenia

Risk factors for low bone density

• Have a very low body weight
• Have had one or more fractures after the age of 50
• Have lost a half inch or more in height within one year
• Are a man over the age of 70
• Have a family history of osteoporosis
• Lack of physical activity
• Smoking cigarettes
• Heavy drinking
• Not getting enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet

Process of getting tested

During a DEXA scan, you would be on a table just like when you get an X-ray

Risks

A bone density scan uses very low doses of radiation. It is safe for most people.

Age and bone mass

Contra-indications

A DEXA scan, due to use of X-rays, is not recommended for pregnant woman as even low doses of radiation could harm an unborn baby.

What is T-score?

• Bone density results are often given in the form of a T score.
• A T score is a measurement that compares your bone density measurement with the bone density of a healthy 30-year-old.
• A low T score means you probably have some bone loss.

Normal and abnormal values

A T score of -1.0 or higher is considered normal bone density. A T score between -1.0 and -2.5 means you have low bone density or osteopenia and may be at risk for developing osteoporosis. A T score of -2.5 or less means you probably have osteoporosis.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a bone disease. As we age, after 30 years, the bone mineral density gradually goes down.

Prevention

• Add more calcium and vitamin D to your diet
• Get more physical activity
• Take medicine to slow down bone loss

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