Dentigerous cyst

Dentigerous Cyst

A dentigerous cyst or follicular cyst is a type of odontogenic cyst associated with the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth. The cyst forms when the reduced enamel epithelium, a cellular structure involved in tooth development, becomes entrapped between the crown and the surrounding tissue. Dentigerous cysts are the second most common type of odontogenic cyst, after radicular cysts.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of dentigerous cysts is unknown, but they are thought to arise from the accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of an unerupted tooth. This can occur as a result of inflammation, trauma, or unknown reasons. Dentigerous cysts are most commonly associated with the third molars, or wisdom teeth, but can occur with any tooth that is unerupted or developing.

Clinical Features[edit | edit source]

Dentigerous cysts are often asymptomatic and are usually discovered during routine dental radiographs. When symptoms do occur, they can include pain, swelling, or a noticeable mass in the mouth. In some cases, the cyst can cause the displacement of the associated tooth or adjacent teeth.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst is usually made based on the clinical and radiographic features. On a dental radiograph, the cyst appears as a well-defined, radiolucent (dark) area surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth. The diagnosis can be confirmed by histopathological examination of the cyst after surgical removal.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The treatment for a dentigerous cyst is usually surgical removal of the cyst, along with the associated unerupted tooth. In some cases, the tooth may be left in place and the cyst is drained and treated with a procedure called marsupialization. Following treatment, regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for recurrence.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for dentigerous cysts is generally good, with a low rate of recurrence after treatment. However, in rare cases, dentigerous cysts can give rise to more serious conditions, such as ameloblastoma or squamous cell carcinoma.