Laboratory specimen

Laboratory Specimen

A laboratory specimen is a biological sample, such as blood, tissue, or other bodily fluid, that is taken from an individual and examined in a laboratory to determine the presence or absence of specified characteristics or to monitor their change. Laboratory specimens are crucial in the field of medical diagnostics, research, and forensic science.

Collection

The collection of a laboratory specimen is a critical step in the diagnostic process. The method of collection varies depending on the type of specimen required. For instance, blood samples are typically collected through venipuncture, while urine samples are usually obtained through clean-catch midstream urine collection. Other types of specimens, such as tissue samples, may require more invasive procedures like biopsy.

Handling and Storage

Once collected, laboratory specimens must be handled and stored properly to maintain their integrity and ensure accurate test results. This often involves storing the specimen at a specific temperature, protecting it from light, or adding certain chemicals. The exact requirements depend on the nature of the specimen and the tests to be performed.

Testing

Laboratory specimens are subjected to a variety of tests, depending on the information sought. These tests can range from simple microscopic examination to complex molecular diagnostics. The results of these tests can provide valuable information about a person's health, the progression of a disease, or the effectiveness of a treatment.

Challenges

Despite their importance, laboratory specimens present several challenges. These include the risk of contamination, the need for proper storage and handling, and the ethical considerations associated with obtaining and using human samples.

See Also

• Clinical laboratory
• Pathology
• Biopsy
• Venipuncture
• Molecular diagnostics