Median palatal cyst

Median Palatal Cyst is a type of non-odontogenic cyst that develops in the palate, specifically in the midline of the hard palate. It is a rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of all cysts in the jaws.

Etiology

The Median Palatal Cyst is believed to originate from epithelial remnants of the embryonic median palatal raphe. This is a line of fusion between the two palatal shelves during embryonic development.

Clinical Features

Patients with a Median Palatal Cyst typically present with a swelling in the midline of the hard palate. The swelling is usually painless unless infected. The cyst can cause displacement of adjacent teeth, but this is rare.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a Median Palatal Cyst is primarily based on clinical examination and radiographic findings. On radiographs, the cyst appears as a well-defined radiolucent (dark) area. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to better visualize the cyst and its relationship with surrounding structures.

Treatment

Treatment of a Median Palatal Cyst involves surgical removal (enucleation) of the cyst. The prognosis after treatment is generally good, with a low recurrence rate.

Histopathology

Histologically, the Median Palatal Cyst is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. The cystic cavity is often filled with a clear, straw-colored fluid.

Epidemiology

The Median Palatal Cyst is more common in adults, with a peak incidence in the third and fourth decades of life. There is no significant gender predilection.

See Also

• Jaw cysts
• Odontogenic cyst
• Non-odontogenic cyst
• Oral and maxillofacial pathology