Teratogenesis
Teratogenesis is the process of abnormal development in embryos, leading to physical malformations or functional defects. This process can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, exposure to harmful substances, or diseases during pregnancy. Teratogenesis can result in a wide range of birth defects, from minor physical abnormalities to severe, life-threatening conditions.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Teratogenesis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Genetic mutations: These can occur spontaneously or be inherited from parents. Genetic mutations can affect the normal development of the embryo, leading to physical or functional abnormalities.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to harmful substances, such as certain drugs, alcohol, or radiation, during pregnancy can interfere with normal embryonic development and cause birth defects.
- Infections: Certain diseases, such as rubella or toxoplasmosis, can cause teratogenesis if the mother is infected during pregnancy.
Effects[edit | edit source]
The effects of teratogenesis can vary widely, depending on the cause and the stage of development at which the embryo is affected. Some possible effects include:
- Physical abnormalities: These can include a wide range of defects, such as cleft lip or palate, heart defects, or limb abnormalities.
- Functional defects: These can include problems with organ function, such as heart or kidney disease, or neurological disorders, such as intellectual disability or autism.
- Birth defects: These are physical or functional abnormalities that are present at birth. They can range from minor to severe, and can affect almost any part of the body.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Prevention of teratogenesis involves avoiding known risk factors, such as certain drugs or infections, during pregnancy. Genetic counseling can also be helpful for couples with a family history of genetic disorders.
See also[edit | edit source]
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