Acute bronchiolitis

Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory disease that primarily affects infants and young children. It is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages in the lungs. The condition is most often caused by a viral infection, with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most common cause.

Etiology

The primary cause of acute bronchiolitis is viral infection. The most common virus is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is responsible for approximately 70% of all cases. Other viruses that can cause acute bronchiolitis include influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus.

Symptoms

The symptoms of acute bronchiolitis can vary in severity, but typically include cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, the child may have difficulty feeding and may become dehydrated. The symptoms usually appear a few days after exposure to the virus and can last for up to two weeks.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis is typically based on the child's symptoms and physical examination. In some cases, a chest x-ray or blood test may be used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for acute bronchiolitis primarily involves managing the symptoms and supporting the child's breathing. This may include the use of oxygen therapy or bronchodilators. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of acute bronchiolitis involves reducing the child's exposure to viruses. This can be achieved through good hand hygiene, avoiding contact with people who have respiratory infections, and ensuring the child is up-to-date with their vaccinations.

See also

• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• Respiratory syncytial virus