Clitoris

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Clitoris Anatomy

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Vulva details

The clitoris is a complex, multifaceted organ located at the anterior part of the female vulva. It is a crucial component of the female reproductive system, primarily known for its role in sexual sensation and arousal.

Anatomy

Female anatomy

The clitoris is more than just the visible part, known as the glans clitoris. It has several components:

• Glans clitoris: The exposed part, which is highly sensitive and comparable to the glans of the male penis.
• Clitoral hood: A fold of skin that surrounds and protects the glans clitoris.
• Clitoral body: Also known as the shaft, extends from the glans and splits internally into two corpus cavernosa.
• Crura: The two elongated 'legs' or roots that extend down from the clitoral body, anchoring the clitoris to the pubic bone.
• Vestibular bulbs or Clitoral Bulbs: Located beneath the labia majora on either side of the vaginal opening; they become engorged with blood during sexual arousal.

Function

• Sensory Role: The clitoris is densely packed with nerve endings, primarily the dorsal nerve of the clitoris, making it highly sensitive. Its primary function is for sexual arousal and pleasure.
• Erectile Function: Similar to the male penis, the clitoris becomes erect during sexual arousal due to the influx of blood to the organ.

Histology

The clitoris consists of erectile tissue, including the paired corpus cavernosa, which become engorged with blood during arousal. Its epithelium varies from a stratified squamous epithelium in the glans to a stratified cuboidal epithelium in the body.

Physiology

During sexual arousal, the clitoris becomes engorged with blood, leading to clitoral erection. This results in the glans becoming more prominent and sensitive. Stimulation of the clitoris leads to increased sexual receptivity and enhances the possibility of achieving orgasm.

Clinical Significance

• Clitoromegaly: An enlarged clitoris, which can be due to various causes, including congenital disorders, endocrine conditions, or the use of anabolic steroids.
• Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A harmful cultural practice in some societies, often involving the partial or total removal of the clitoris.
• Clitoral Pain: Various conditions can lead to pain in the clitoris, including infections, skin conditions, or other disorders.

Summary

The clitoris is a pivotal organ in the female reproductive system, playing a vital role in sexual sensation and function. Understanding its anatomy, histology, physiology, and associated clinical conditions is essential for medical practitioners to provide comprehensive care for female patients.

See Also

• Female Reproductive System
• Female Genital Mutilation
• Sexual Arousal

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