Make-work job

A job that has little or no economic value but is maintained to provide employment

Make-work job refers to employment that is primarily intended to keep a person busy and employed, rather than to produce a significant economic output. These jobs are often created by governments or organizations to reduce unemployment or to provide social benefits, rather than to meet a genuine demand for labor.

Overview

Make-work jobs are typically characterized by tasks that are repetitive, unnecessary, or of low economic value. The primary purpose of these jobs is not to contribute to productivity but to provide individuals with a source of income and a sense of purpose. These jobs can be found in both the public and private sectors, although they are more commonly associated with government programs.

Historical Context

The concept of make-work jobs has been around for centuries, often associated with public works projects during times of economic downturn. For example, during the Great Depression, the New Deal programs in the United States included many make-work jobs designed to provide employment to millions of Americans. These jobs included building infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, and other public works projects.

Economic Implications

While make-work jobs can provide short-term relief from unemployment, they are often criticized for their lack of long-term economic benefits. Critics argue that resources allocated to make-work jobs could be better spent on projects that generate real economic value. However, proponents argue that these jobs can help stimulate the economy by increasing consumer spending and reducing the social costs associated with unemployment.

Social and Psychological Aspects

Make-work jobs can have significant social and psychological benefits. They provide individuals with a sense of purpose and belonging, which can improve mental health and social cohesion. Additionally, these jobs can serve as a stepping stone to more productive employment by providing individuals with work experience and skills.

Examples

• Public Works Administration (PWA) - A New Deal agency that created jobs through large-scale public works projects.
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) - A public work relief program that provided jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources.
• Workfare programs - Government programs that require individuals to work in exchange for welfare benefits.

Criticism

Critics of make-work jobs argue that they can lead to inefficiencies and a misallocation of resources. They suggest that these jobs may not address the root causes of unemployment and can create dependency on government programs. Additionally, there is concern that make-work jobs may crowd out more productive employment opportunities.

Also see

• Unemployment
• Job creation program
• Public works
• Economic stimulus
• Welfare state