Moxifloxacin hydrochloride

Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent. It is marketed worldwide by Bayer AG under the brand name Avelox and Vigamox for ophthalmic use.

Chemistry

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride is a slightly yellow to yellow crystalline powder. The chemical name for moxifloxacin hydrochloride is (1'S,6'S)-1-Cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Mechanism of Action

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride works by inhibiting the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. Both these enzymes are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. As a result, moxifloxacin hydrochloride is bactericidal and its antibacterial activity is concentration-dependent.

Clinical Use

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, sinusitis, and secondary infections in chronic bronchitis. It can also be used to treat skin and skin structure infections, intra-abdominal infections, and tuberculosis.

Side Effects

Common side effects of moxifloxacin hydrochloride include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and trouble sleeping. Serious side effects include tendon rupture, liver damage, and QT prolongation.

Precautions

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known QT prolongation, electrolyte disturbances, or with medications that can cause QT prolongation. It should also be used with caution in patients with a history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone administration.

See Also

• Fluoroquinolone
• Bayer AG
• Topoisomerase II
• Topoisomerase IV
• Pneumonia
• Sinusitis
• Tuberculosis