Mycoses

Mycoses are infectious diseases caused by fungi. There are several types of mycoses, ranging from superficial to systemic infections, which can affect various parts of the body.

Types of Mycoses

Mycoses are typically classified into four categories:

• Superficial Mycoses: These are fungal infections that affect the skin or hair shaft. They do not invade living tissues but remain on the superficial layers of the skin. Examples include Pityriasis versicolor and Tinea nigra.

• Cutaneous Mycoses: These infections extend deeper into the epidermis, as well as invasive hair and nail diseases. They are caused by dermatophytes that produce keratinases, which allow them to invade keratinized tissue. Examples include Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, and Tinea pedis.

• Subcutaneous Mycoses: These infections involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and fascia. They are caused by fungi that enter the body at the site of trauma. Examples include Sporotrichosis and Mycetoma.

• Systemic Mycoses: These are fungal infections that can affect internal organs. They are typically caused by inhalation of fungal spores, which can lead to diseases such as Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, and Blastomycosis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of mycoses can be challenging due to the variety of symptoms and the often slow and insidious onset of the diseases. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and sometimes, biopsy.

Treatment of mycoses depends on the type and severity of the infection. Antifungal medications, such as Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Itraconazole, are commonly used. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention of mycoses primarily involves maintaining good hygiene and avoiding environments conducive to fungal growth. For systemic mycoses, avoiding areas with a high prevalence of certain fungi can help reduce risk.

See Also

• Fungi
• Infectious diseases
• Antifungal medication