Template:Phytochemicals - WikiMD.com Medical Encyclopedia

Types of terpenes and terpenoids (# of isoprene units)

Basic forms:

Acyclic (linear, cis and trans forms)
Monocyclic (single ring)
Bicyclic (2 rings)
Iridoids (cyclopentane ring)
Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar)
Steroids (4 rings)

Monoterpenes (C₁₀H₁₆)(2)

Acyclic	Ocimene Myrcenes
Monocyclic	Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene
Bicyclic	Pinene (α and β) Camphene Thujene Sabinene Carene

Monoterpenoids (2,modified)

Acyclic	Citronellal Citral Citronellol Geraniol Geranyl pyrophosphate Halomon Linalool
Monocyclic	Grapefruit mercaptan Menthol p-Cymene Thujaplicins (Hinokitiol) Thymol Perillyl alcohol Carvacrol
Bicyclic	Camphor Borneol Bornyl acetate Eucalyptol Ascaridole Umbellulone

Sesquiterpenoids (3)

Artemisinin
Bisabolol
Cadinene
Cadinol
Cedrene
Chanootin
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Juniperol
Longifolene
Muurolene
Nootkatin

Diterpenoids (4)

Acyclic	Phytol Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl-linalool
Monocyclic	Retinol Retinal
Bicyclic	cis-Abienol Epimanool Salvinorin A
Tricyclic	Cembrene Forskolin Manoyl oxide Pimaral Pimarol
Tetracyclic	Aphidicolin Gibberellin Paclitaxel
Resin acids	Abietic acid Communic acid Dehydroabietic acid Isopimaric acid Lambertianic acid Levopimaric acid Mercusic acid Neoabietic acid Pimaric acid Sandaracopimaric acid Secodehydroabietic acid Palustric acid

Sesterterpenoids (5)

Geranylfarnesol

Triterpenoids (6)

Steroids	Phytosterols Campesterol Citrostadienol Cycloartenol Sitostanol Sitosterol Stigmasterol Tocopherols Cholesterol Testosterone Cholecalciferol Ecdysones
Other	Betulin Lanosterol Saponins Serratenediol Squalane Acids Oleanolic acid Ursolic acid Betulinic acid Moronic acid

Sesquarterpenes/oids (7)

Ferrugicadiol
Tetraprenylcurcumene

Tetraterpenoids
(Carotenoids) (8)

Carotenes	Alpha-Carotene Beta-Carotene Gamma-Carotene Delta-Carotene Lycopene Neurosporene Phytofluene Phytoene
Xanthophylls:	Canthaxanthin Cryptoxanthin Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Lutein Rubixanthin

Polyterpenoids (many)

Rubber
Gutta percha
Gutta-balatá

Norisoprenoids (modified)

3-oxo-α-ionol
7,8-dihydroionone

Synthesis

Terpene synthase enzymes (many), having in common a terpene synthase N terminal domain (protein domain)

Activated isoprene forms

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP)

Phenolic compounds

Types of phenolic compounds

Natural monophenols

Polyphenols

Types of polyphenols

Flavonoids
(C6-C3-C6)

Types of flavonoids

Flavonoids

Anthoxanthins

Flavones	Apigenin, Chrysin, et.c.
Flavonols	Quercetin, Kaempferol, et.c.
Isoflavones	Daidzein, Genistein, Orobol et.c.
Neoflavonoids	Dalbergichromene

Flavans

Flavan	Luteoliflavan
Flavan-3-ols (flavanols)	Catechin, Gallocatechol, et.c.
Flavan-4-ols (flavanols)	Apiforol, Luteoforol, et.c.
Flavan-3,4-diols	Leucocyanidin, Leucodelphinidin, et.c.
Flavanones	Hesperidin Naringenin Eriodictyol
Flavanonols	Taxifolin Aromadendrin, et.c.

Anthocyanidins

3-deoxyanthocyanidins	Cyanidin, Delphinidin, et.c.
3-hydroxyanthocyanidin	Apigeninidin, Guibourtinidin, et.c.

Aurones

Chalcones

Chalcones	Butein, Isoliquiritigenin, et.c.
Dihydrochalcone	Phloretin

Miscellaneous

Flavonoid biosynthesis

Flavonolignans

Silymarin

Lignans
((C6-C3)₂)

Stilbenoids
(C6-C2-C6)

Curcuminoids

Curcumin

Tannins

Types of natural tannins

Hydrolysable tannins

Ellagitannins	Punicalagins Castalagins Vescalagins Castalins Casuarictins Grandinins Punicalins Roburin A Tellimagrandin IIs Terflavin B
Gallotannins	Digalloyl glucose 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose