Adolescent Medicine

Adolescent Medicine

Adolescent medicine, also known as adolescent and young adult medicine, is a medical subspecialty that focuses on the care of patients who are in the adolescent period of development. This period typically ranges from the last years of elementary school until graduation from high school, and may extend into the early 20s. Adolescent medicine is concerned with the physical, psychological, social, and sexual development of adolescents and the unique challenges they face.

Overview

Adolescent medicine addresses a wide range of health issues that are specific to adolescents. These include:

• Puberty and its associated changes
• Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders
• Sexual health and education, including contraception and sexually transmitted infections
• Substance use and abuse, including alcohol, tobacco, and drugs
• Chronic illnesses that begin in childhood and continue into adolescence, such as asthma and diabetes
• Preventive care, including vaccinations and health screenings

History

The field of adolescent medicine emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the unique health needs of adolescents. It was recognized that adolescents were not simply "older children" or "younger adults," but had distinct health care needs that required specialized knowledge and approaches.

Training and Certification

Physicians who specialize in adolescent medicine typically complete a residency in pediatrics, internal medicine, or family medicine, followed by a fellowship in adolescent medicine. In the United States, the American Board of Pediatrics, the American Board of Internal Medicine, and the American Board of Family Medicine offer certification in adolescent medicine.

Common Conditions

Adolescent medicine specialists often manage conditions such as:

• Acne
• Obesity
• Menstrual disorders
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Sports injuries

Role of Adolescent Medicine Specialists

Adolescent medicine specialists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and schools. They often collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as psychologists, nutritionists, and social workers, to provide comprehensive care. They also play a key role in health education and advocacy for adolescent health issues.

Challenges in Adolescent Medicine

Adolescents face numerous challenges that can impact their health, including peer pressure, academic stress, and the transition to adulthood. Adolescent medicine specialists must be adept at communicating with young people and understanding the social and cultural factors that influence their health behaviors.

Also see

• Pediatrics
• Family medicine
• Internal medicine
• Mental health
• Sexual health