Beta cells

Beta Cells are a type of cell found in the pancreas, specifically in the islets of Langerhans. They are responsible for the production, storage, and release of insulin, a hormone that regulates the level of glucose in the blood.

Function

Beta cells play a crucial role in the body's metabolism. They monitor the blood glucose levels and respond by producing insulin when these levels are high, such as after a meal. Insulin allows cells in the body to take in glucose and use it as a source of energy. This process helps to lower the blood glucose levels to a normal range.

Structure

Beta cells are one of four types of cells in the islets of Langerhans, the others being alpha cells, delta cells, and PP cells. They make up about 65-80% of the cells in the islets. Beta cells are unique in their ability to produce insulin.

Disorders

Dysfunction or destruction of beta cells can lead to several medical conditions. In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease, the body's immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells, leading to a lack of insulin production. In type 2 diabetes, the beta cells may not produce enough insulin, or the body may not use the insulin effectively, a condition known as insulin resistance.

Research

Research into beta cells is ongoing, with scientists seeking to understand more about how these cells function and how they can be protected or regenerated in people with diabetes. This research could lead to new treatments for diabetes in the future.

See also

• Insulin
• Pancreas
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes