Buccal bifurcation cyst

Buccal Bifurcation Cyst (BBC) is a type of odontogenic cyst that is associated with the crowns of unerupted permanent mandibular first molars. It is a rare condition, accounting for less than 5% of all odontogenic cysts. The cyst is typically discovered during routine radiographic examination, and is often mistaken for other types of cysts or dental abscesses.

Etiology

The exact cause of Buccal Bifurcation Cyst is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the inflammation of the dental follicle due to the pressure exerted by the erupting molar. This inflammation leads to the formation of a cyst in the bifurcation area, which is the junction between the roots of the tooth.

Clinical Features

Patients with Buccal Bifurcation Cyst usually present with a painless swelling in the buccal mucosa adjacent to the involved tooth. The swelling is typically soft and fluctuant, and may cause displacement of the tooth. In some cases, the cyst may cause root resorption or displacement of the adjacent teeth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Buccal Bifurcation Cyst is usually made based on clinical and radiographic findings. Radiographically, the cyst appears as a well-defined radiolucent lesion in the bifurcation area of the involved tooth. Histologically, the cyst is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and the cystic cavity is filled with a clear, straw-colored fluid.

Treatment

Treatment of Buccal Bifurcation Cyst involves surgical enucleation of the cyst, followed by careful monitoring to ensure complete healing and to prevent recurrence. In some cases, the involved tooth may need to be extracted.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Buccal Bifurcation Cyst is generally good, with a low recurrence rate after surgical treatment. However, the condition may cause significant morbidity if left untreated, including tooth loss and damage to the surrounding structures.