Geography of Eswatini

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Eswatini_Topography

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Geography of Eswatini

Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to the northeast and South Africa to the west, south, and southeast. The country covers an area of approximately 17,364 square kilometers, making it one of the smallest countries on the African continent.

Topography

Eswatini's topography is characterized by a variety of landscapes, ranging from mountains and hills to savannas and forests. The country is divided into four distinct geographical regions:

• Highveld: Located in the western part of Eswatini, the Highveld is a mountainous region with elevations ranging from 1,200 to 1,800 meters above sea level. This area is known for its cool climate and high rainfall.

• Middleveld: Situated between the Highveld and the Lowveld, the Middleveld has elevations between 400 and 800 meters. It is a region of rolling hills and fertile valleys, making it suitable for agriculture.

• Lowveld: The eastern part of Eswatini, the Lowveld, lies at an elevation of 150 to 300 meters. This region is characterized by a hot and dry climate, with savanna vegetation dominating the landscape.

• Lubombo Mountains: Running along the eastern border with Mozambique, the Lubombo Mountains rise to an elevation of about 600 meters. This range is known for its scenic beauty and biodiversity.

Climate

Eswatini experiences a varied climate due to its diverse topography. The Highveld has a temperate climate with cool temperatures and high rainfall, while the Lowveld experiences a hot and dry climate. The Middleveld has a more moderate climate, with warm temperatures and moderate rainfall. The Lubombo Mountains have a subtropical climate with significant rainfall.

Rivers and Water Bodies

The major rivers in Eswatini include the Great Usutu River, the Mbuluzi River, and the Komati River. These rivers play a crucial role in the country's agriculture and water supply. There are also several smaller rivers and streams that contribute to the overall water resources of the country.

Flora and Fauna

Eswatini is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The country's varied ecosystems support a wide range of plant and animal species. The Highveld and Middleveld regions are known for their grasslands and forests, while the Lowveld is characterized by savanna vegetation. The Lubombo Mountains are home to unique plant species and a variety of wildlife.

Protected Areas

Eswatini has several protected areas and national parks aimed at conserving its natural heritage. Some of the notable protected areas include:

• Hlane Royal National Park
• Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mkhaya Game Reserve
• Malolotja Nature Reserve

Related Pages

• Eswatini
• Geography of Africa
• Climate of Eswatini
• Protected areas of Eswatini
• Rivers of Eswatini