Geography of Senegal

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Overview of the geography of Senegal

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The geography of Senegal is characterized by a diverse range of landscapes, including coastal plains, river valleys, and highlands. Senegal is located in West Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north and northeast, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south. The country also surrounds The Gambia, a narrow enclave along the Gambia River.

Physical Geography

Senegal's terrain is generally low-lying, with the highest point being Nepen Diakha at 581 meters (1,906 feet) above sea level. The country can be divided into several distinct geographical regions:

• The Senegal River Valley: This region in the north is characterized by fertile floodplains and is a crucial area for agriculture.
• The Cape Verde Peninsula: Located in the west, this area includes the capital city, Dakar, and is known for its coastal cliffs and beaches.
• The Casamance Region: Situated in the south, this area is separated from the rest of Senegal by The Gambia and is known for its lush vegetation and riverine landscapes.
• The Sahel: This semi-arid region in the north and northeast is part of the larger Sahelian belt that stretches across Africa.

Climate

Senegal has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, influenced by the West African Monsoon, lasts from June to October, bringing heavy rains and high humidity. The dry season, from November to May, is characterized by the Harmattan wind, which brings dry and dusty conditions from the Sahara Desert.

Hydrography

The major rivers in Senegal include the Senegal River, the Gambia River, and the Casamance River. These rivers are vital for irrigation, transportation, and fishing. The Senegal River forms the northern border with Mauritania and is the longest river in the country.

Natural Resources

Senegal is rich in natural resources, including phosphates, limestone, and iron ore. The country also has significant fish stocks along its Atlantic coast, which are crucial for the local economy.

Environmental Issues

Senegal faces several environmental challenges, including deforestation, desertification, and coastal erosion. Efforts are being made to address these issues through reforestation projects and sustainable land management practices.

Administrative Divisions

Senegal is divided into 14 regions, each with its own administrative capital. These regions are further subdivided into departments and arrondissements.

Related Pages

• Senegal
• West Africa
• Senegal River
• Dakar
• Casamance
• Sahel