Geography of Sudan

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== Geography of Sudan ==

Sudan is a country located in northeastern Africa. It is the third-largest country in Africa and the sixteenth-largest in the world. Sudan is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest.

Topography

Sudan's topography is diverse, ranging from deserts in the north to mountains in the south. The Nubian Desert and the Bayuda Desert are prominent features in the northern part of the country. The central region is characterized by the Nile River, which flows from south to north through Sudan, dividing the country into eastern and western halves. The Gezira Plain lies between the Blue and White Nile rivers and is one of the most fertile regions in Sudan.

Climate

Sudan has a range of climates, from arid desert conditions in the north to tropical wet-and-dry climates in the south. The northern regions experience extremely hot temperatures and minimal rainfall, while the southern regions have a rainy season from April to October. The central regions have a semi-arid climate with more moderate temperatures and seasonal rainfall.

Natural Resources

Sudan is rich in natural resources, including petroleum, gold, and other minerals. The country also has significant agricultural potential, with fertile land in the central and southern regions suitable for growing crops such as sorghum, millet, and wheat.

Environmental Issues

Sudan faces several environmental challenges, including desertification, deforestation, and soil erosion. The expansion of agricultural activities and overgrazing have contributed to the degradation of the land. Additionally, the country is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which can exacerbate existing environmental problems.

Administrative Divisions

Sudan is divided into 18 states, known as wilayat (singular: wilayah). Each state has its own local government and administrative structure. The capital city of Sudan is Khartoum, which is located at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers.

Major Cities

In addition to Khartoum, other major cities in Sudan include Omdurman, Port Sudan, Kassala, and El Obeid. These cities are important economic and cultural centers in the country.

Related Pages

• Nile River
• Khartoum
• Nubian Desert
• Gezira Plain
• Climate of Sudan
• Economy of Sudan
• States of Sudan