Geography of Togo

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Geography of Togo

Togo is a country located in West Africa, bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east, and Burkina Faso to the north. The southern border of Togo is formed by the Gulf of Guinea, which is part of the Atlantic Ocean. The country covers an area of approximately 56,785 square kilometers (21,925 square miles), making it one of the smallest countries in Africa.

Topography

Togo's topography is diverse, ranging from coastal plains to mountainous regions. The southern part of the country features a low-lying coastal plain with lagoons and marshes. Moving northward, the terrain becomes more varied with rolling hills and plateaus. The central region is dominated by the Togo Mountains, which extend from the southwest to the northeast. The highest point in Togo is Mount Agou, which reaches an elevation of 986 meters (3,235 feet).

Climate

Togo has a tropical climate with two distinct seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season occurs from April to October, with the heaviest rainfall typically in June and September. The dry season lasts from November to March, characterized by the harmattan winds, which bring dry and dusty conditions from the Sahara Desert. The coastal region experiences a humid climate, while the northern part of the country has a more arid climate.

Hydrography

The main rivers in Togo include the Mono River, which forms part of the border with Benin, and the Oti River, which flows from Burkina Faso through northern Togo into Benin. These rivers are crucial for agriculture and provide water for irrigation and other uses.

Natural Resources

Togo is rich in natural resources, including phosphate, which is one of the country's most significant exports. Other resources include limestone, marble, and arable land. The country's economy relies heavily on agriculture, with key crops including coffee, cocoa, and cotton.

Flora and Fauna

Togo's diverse ecosystems support a variety of plant and animal species. The coastal region is home to mangroves and palm trees, while the central and northern regions feature savannas and forests. Wildlife in Togo includes elephants, lions, antelopes, and various bird species. The country has several protected areas and national parks, such as the Fazao-Malfakassa National Park and the Kéran National Park.

Environmental Issues

Togo faces several environmental challenges, including deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Rapid population growth and agricultural expansion have led to the depletion of natural resources. Efforts are being made to address these issues through reforestation projects and sustainable land management practices.

Related Pages

• Togo
• West Africa
• Gulf of Guinea
• Mount Agou
• Mono River
• Oti River
• Fazao-Malfakassa National Park
• Kéran National Park