Preterm infant

Preterm infant

A preterm infant, also known as a premature baby, is a baby that is born before 37 weeks of gestational age. These infants are often small in size and their organs may not be fully developed, which can lead to a variety of health problems.

Causes

The exact cause of preterm birth is often not known, but there are several factors that can increase the risk. These include having a previous preterm birth, being pregnant with multiples, and having certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Other risk factors include smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use during pregnancy.

Complications

Preterm infants are at risk for many complications, due to their underdeveloped organs. These can include respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. They may also have difficulty maintaining body temperature and are at higher risk for infection due to their immature immune systems.

Treatment

Treatment for preterm infants often involves care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This can include respiratory support, nutritional support, and treatment of any complications. Some preterm infants may also need physical therapy or other interventions to help with development.

Long-term outcomes

While many preterm infants grow up to be healthy children and adults, some may have long-term health problems. These can include cognitive impairment, cerebral palsy, and vision and hearing problems. Early intervention services can help to improve outcomes for these children.

Prevention

Prevention of preterm birth includes good prenatal care, including regular check-ups and screening for risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol and illicit drugs, can also reduce the risk.

See also

• Neonatology
• Low birth weight
• Infant mortality