Underactive thyroid

Underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This condition can affect the body's metabolic processes and can lead to a variety of symptoms.

Symptoms

Symptoms of an underactive thyroid can vary widely from person to person. They may include:

• Fatigue
• Weight gain
• Depression
• Sensitivity to cold
• Dry skin
• Hair loss
• Constipation
• Slow heart rate
• Muscle weakness

Causes

The most common cause of an underactive thyroid is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes can include:

• Thyroid surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Certain medications
• Pituitary gland disorders
• Pregnancy

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an underactive thyroid typically involves a blood test to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). High levels of TSH and low levels of T4 usually indicate hypothyroidism.

Treatment

Treatment for an underactive thyroid usually involves daily use of the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine. This medication restores adequate hormone levels and reverses the symptoms of hypothyroidism.

See also

• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid disease
• Thyroid function tests
• Thyroid nodule

Underactive thyroid Resources
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References

External links

• Mayo Clinic - Hypothyroidism
• NHS - Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)