Angiotensin receptor blocker

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), also known as angiotensin II receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceutical drugs primarily used for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure. They work by inhibiting the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels and releases aldosterone, a hormone that promotes the retention of salt and water in the body.

Mechanism of Action

ARBs block the action of angiotensin II by preventing it from binding to angiotensin II receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels. As a result, the blood vessels expand, or dilate, which reduces vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure. In addition, by blocking the release of aldosterone, ARBs help the kidneys remove excess salt and water from the body, further helping to reduce blood pressure.

Uses

ARBs are primarily used to treat hypertension and heart failure. They may also be prescribed for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease to protect the kidneys from damage caused by high blood pressure or high blood sugar levels. In some cases, ARBs may be used to treat myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Side Effects

Common side effects of ARBs include dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Less common but more serious side effects may include kidney failure, liver damage, and a decreased number of white blood cells.

Examples

Examples of ARBs include losartan, valsartan, and irbesartan. These drugs are often prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may also include lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.

See Also

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
• Renin inhibitor
• Calcium channel blocker
• Beta blocker