Dental science

Dental Science

Dental science is a branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area. The field of dental science is essential for maintaining oral health, which is a critical component of overall health.

History of Dental Science

The history of dental science dates back to ancient times. Evidence of dental treatment has been found in ancient Egypt, Greece, and China. The Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian medical text from 1550 BC, mentions dental diseases and treatments. In ancient Greece, Hippocrates and Aristotle wrote about dentistry, including the eruption pattern of teeth, treating decayed teeth, and gum disease.

The modern era of dental science began in the 18th century with the publication of "The Surgeon Dentist" by Pierre Fauchard, who is often referred to as the "father of modern dentistry." Fauchard introduced the concept of dental fillings and the use of dental prosthetics.

Branches of Dental Science

Dental science encompasses several specialized fields, including:

• Orthodontics: The study and treatment of improper bites and misaligned teeth.
• Periodontics: The study and treatment of diseases of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.
• Endodontics: The study and treatment of the dental pulp and root tissues.
• Prosthodontics: The design, manufacture, and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth.
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Surgical procedures on the mouth, jaws, and face.
• Pediatric Dentistry: The practice of dentistry for children.

Dental Anatomy

Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of human tooth structures. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its purview. Dental anatomy is also a taxonomical science as it is concerned with the naming of teeth and the structures of which they are made.

Types of Teeth

Humans have two sets of teeth: primary (baby) teeth and permanent (adult) teeth. The types of teeth include:

• Incisors: The front teeth used for cutting food.
• Canines: Pointed teeth used for tearing food.
• Premolars: Teeth with flat surfaces used for crushing and grinding food.
• Molars: Larger teeth used for grinding food.

Dental Diseases and Conditions

Dental science addresses a variety of diseases and conditions, including:

• Dental caries: Also known as tooth decay or cavities, caused by bacterial infection.
• Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, often a precursor to periodontitis.
• Periodontitis: A serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth.
• Oral cancer: Cancer that develops in any part of the mouth.

Preventive Dentistry

Preventive dentistry is the practice of caring for your teeth to keep them healthy. This helps to avoid cavities, gum disease, enamel wear, and more. Preventive dentistry includes:

• Regular dental check-ups and cleanings.
• Daily brushing and flossing.
• A balanced diet low in sugar.
• Use of fluoride treatments and dental sealants.

Dental Education and Practice

Dental education typically involves a rigorous program of study at a dental school, which includes both classroom instruction and clinical practice. After obtaining a degree, dentists must pass a licensing examination to practice.

Dentists may choose to specialize in one of the branches of dental science, which requires additional training and certification.

See Also

• Oral hygiene
• Dental surgery
• Dental restoration

References

• Fauchard, Pierre. The Surgeon Dentist. 1728.
• "History of Dentistry." American Dental Association.

External Links

• American Dental Association
• World Health Organization - Oral Health