Oral herpes

Oral herpes is a viral infection primarily caused by the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). It is characterized by the development of painful blisters or ulcers at the mouth, lips, and in and around the oral cavity. It is commonly referred to as cold sores or fever blisters.

Causes

Oral herpes is primarily caused by HSV-1. However, it can also be caused by Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which is typically associated with genital herpes. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual's lesions, body fluids, or mucosal surfaces.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of oral herpes is the development of blisters or ulcers in and around the oral cavity. These blisters can be painful and may burst, leaving behind a crust. Other symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnosis

Oral herpes is typically diagnosed based on the appearance of the lesions. However, laboratory tests such as viral culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serologic testing can also be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for oral herpes. However, antiviral medications such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir can help to reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks.

Prevention

Prevention of oral herpes involves avoiding direct contact with an infected individual's lesions, body fluids, or mucosal surfaces. This can include not sharing personal items such as toothbrushes or eating utensils, and avoiding kissing or other close contact with individuals who have visible blisters or sores.

See also

• Herpes simplex
• Genital herpes
• Herpesviridae
• Antiviral drug