Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is often caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, but can also result from other bacterial infections.

Signs and symptoms

Common symptoms of PID include:

• Lower abdominal pain
• Vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor
• Fever
• Painful urination
• Painful intercourse
• Irregular menstruation

Complications

If left untreated, PID can lead to serious complications such as:

• Infertility
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Chronic pelvic pain

Causes

PID is primarily caused by STIs, particularly chlamydia and gonorrhea. Other causes include:

• Bacterial vaginosis
• Procedures that disrupt the cervix, such as intrauterine device (IUD) insertion or abortion

Risk factors

Risk factors for developing PID include:

• Multiple sexual partners
• Unprotected sex
• Douching

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PID is typically based on:

• Symptoms
• Pelvic exam
• Ultrasound
• Laparoscopy

Differential diagnosis

Conditions that may present similarly to PID include:

• Appendicitis
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Endometriosis
• Urinary tract infection

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Practicing safe sex
• Regular screening for STIs

Treatment

Treatment for PID usually involves:

• Antibiotics
• Hospitalization in severe cases

Related pages

• Sexually transmitted infection
• Chlamydia infection
• Gonorrhea
• Infertility
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Endometriosis