Ilosone

Antibiotic medication

{{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477241703 | IUPAC_name = (3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-4-[(2S,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-6-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione | image = Erythromycin.svg | width = 250 | tradename = Ilosone | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = a682381 | pregnancy_AU = A | pregnancy_US = B | legal_AU = S4 | legal_US = Rx-only | routes_of_administration = Oral, topical, intravenous | bioavailability = 37% | protein_bound = 70%–90% | metabolism = Hepatic | elimination_half-life = 1.5–2 hours | excretion = Biliary | CAS_number = 114-07-8 | ATC_prefix = J01 | ATC_suffix = FA01 | PubChem = 12560 | DrugBank = DB00199 | ChemSpiderID = 12006 | UNII = 63937KV33D | KEGG = D00140 | ChEBI = 42355 | ChEMBL = 174 | C=37 | H=67 | N=1 | O=13 | molecular_weight = 733.937 g/mol }}

Ilosone is a brand name for the antibiotic erythromycin, which is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, thereby stopping their growth.

Mechanism of Action

Erythromycin, the active ingredient in Ilosone, binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding inhibits the translocation of peptides, effectively halting protein synthesis. As a result, bacterial growth is inhibited, allowing the body's immune system to eliminate the infection.

Indications

Ilosone is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria. These include:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Streptococcal pharyngitis
• Pneumonia
• Pertussis (whooping cough)
• Diphtheria

Pharmacokinetics

Erythromycin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but its bioavailability is relatively low due to degradation by gastric acid. It is often administered in enteric-coated tablets to improve absorption. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and is metabolized in the liver. It is primarily excreted in the bile.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Ilosone include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Allergic reactions, including rash and anaphylaxis

Drug Interactions

Erythromycin can interact with a variety of other medications, including:

• Warfarin
• Theophylline
• Carbamazepine
• Statins

These interactions can lead to increased levels of the interacting drugs, potentially causing toxicity.

History

Erythromycin was first discovered in 1952 and was originally derived from the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea. It was one of the first macrolide antibiotics to be used clinically and has been a valuable tool in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Also see

• Antibiotic resistance
• Macrolide antibiotics
• Bacterial infections
• Pharmacokinetics

The following are macrolides

• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Erythromycin
• Fidaxomicin
• Telithromycin