Plastic surgeons

Plastic Surgery is a surgical specialty dedicated to the reconstruction of facial and body defects due to birth disorders, trauma, burns, and disease. Plastic surgery is intended to correct dysfunctional areas of the body and is reconstructive in nature. While many plastic surgeons choose to complete additional training and perform cosmetic surgery as well, the basis of their surgical training remains reconstructive plastic surgery.

History

The history of Plastic Surgery dates back thousands of years, with ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Romans performing simple cosmetic surgeries. However, the modern field of plastic surgery did not truly begin to evolve until the 19th and 20th centuries. During World War I, the need for reconstructive surgery grew due to the horrific injuries sustained by soldiers. This period saw significant advancements in surgical techniques and the development of new methods for treating burns and facial injuries.

Types of Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery.

Reconstructive Surgery

Reconstructive surgery is performed on abnormal structures of the body caused by congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors, or disease. It is generally performed to improve function but may also be done to approximate a normal appearance. Common reconstructive surgeries include breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer, cleft lip and palate surgery, hand surgery, and the treatment of burns.

Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic surgery is performed to reshape normal structures of the body in order to improve the patient's appearance and self-esteem. Cosmetic procedures include Rhinoplasty (nose jobs), Breast Augmentation, Liposuction, Facelifts, and Blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery).

Training and Certification

Becoming a plastic surgeon requires years of highly specialized training. After completing a medical degree, a candidate must undergo at least six years of surgical training, with a minimum of three years in plastic surgery residency programs. In the United States, plastic surgeons must be certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery to ensure they have met the rigorous standards of education, training, and ethics required in the specialty.

Ethical Considerations

The field of plastic surgery, especially cosmetic surgery, involves numerous ethical considerations. Issues such as patient consent, unrealistic expectations, and the psychosocial motivations behind seeking surgery are critical for plastic surgeons to navigate to ensure the well-being of their patients.

Future Directions

Advancements in technology and technique continue to push the boundaries of plastic surgery. Innovations such as tissue engineering, Stem Cell therapy, and minimally invasive surgical techniques are shaping the future of the specialty, offering new possibilities for reconstruction and cosmetic enhancement.