Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (also known as M2 mAChR) is a type of muscarinic receptor, which belongs to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The M2 muscarinic receptors are located in the heart, where they act to slow the heart rate down to normal sinus rhythm after periods of stress or excitement, and in the central nervous system.
Structure
The M2 receptor, like other muscarinic receptors, spans the cell membrane seven times (making it a 7TM receptor). The receptor is found in the heart, in the presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system, and in the smooth muscles of the eye.
Function
The M2 receptors are inhibitory receptors and are especially important in the parasympathetic nervous system. When activated, they cause a decrease in heart rate. They also serve to limit the contractile forces of the atrial cardiac muscle, and the conductance velocity of the atrioventricular node. Furthermore, they reduce the contractile forces of the ventricular cardiac muscle and decrease the release of norepinephrine from the adrenergic nerve.
Clinical significance
The M2 receptor is involved in several diseases and disorders, including asthma, COPD, and various heart diseases. Drugs that act on the M2 receptor are used in the treatment of these conditions. For example, muscarinic antagonists, which block the action of acetylcholine on the M2 receptor, are used in the treatment of asthma and COPD.
See also
References
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
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- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B
C
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
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E
H
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
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I
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
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M
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
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O
P
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
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S
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
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External links
- Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
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