Electric fence

Electric Fence

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A typical electric fence installation

Type	Perimeter security
Inventor	Harold McMaster
Inception
Manufacturer
Available
Discontinued
Website	[ Official website]
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An electric fence is a barrier that uses electric shocks to deter animals and people from crossing a boundary. The voltage of the shock may have effects ranging from discomfort to death. Most electric fences are used today for agricultural fencing and other forms of animal control, although they are also used to enhance the security of sensitive areas, such as military installations, prisons, and other security-sensitive places.

History

The concept of the electric fence was first developed in the 1930s by Harold McMaster, an American inventor. The initial purpose was to control livestock on farms. Over the years, the technology has evolved, and electric fences are now used in various applications worldwide.

Design and Functionality

Electric fences consist of a series of wires connected to an electric fence charger or energizer, which converts power into a brief high-voltage pulse. The fence is usually made of metal wires, but synthetic materials are also used, as seen in

. The energizer is powered by either a battery or a connection to the main power supply.

Components

• Energizer: The heart of the electric fence system, it converts power into high-voltage pulses.
• Conductors: Typically metal wires or synthetic materials that carry the electric pulse.
• Insulators: Used to prevent the electric current from grounding out and losing its effectiveness.
• Grounding system: Essential for completing the circuit and ensuring the effectiveness of the shock.

Applications

Electric fences are widely used in agriculture to contain livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. They are also used in wildlife management to prevent animals from entering or leaving certain areas. In security, electric fences are used to protect sensitive areas by delivering a non-lethal shock to intruders.

Safety Considerations

While electric fences are generally safe when properly installed and maintained, they can pose risks if not handled correctly. It is important to follow manufacturer guidelines and local regulations to ensure safety for both humans and animals.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• Cost-effective compared to traditional fencing methods.
• Easy to install and maintain.
• Provides a psychological barrier as well as a physical one.

Disadvantages

• Requires a power source, which can be a limitation in remote areas.
• Can be affected by vegetation and weather conditions.
• Potential safety hazards if not properly managed.

Also see

• Perimeter security
• Animal control
• Livestock management
• Security technology

References

• "Electric Fencing for Agricultural and Wildlife Management," Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2020.
• "The Evolution of Electric Fencing," Security Systems Magazine, 2019.