Herpes simplex virus

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

(Redirected from Herpesvirus hominis)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), also known as human herpesvirus (HHV) and herpes virus, is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family[1]. HSV is responsible for causing herpes infections in humans. There are two types of herpes simplex viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2[2].

Herpes simplex virus
3D reconstruction of the HSV-1 capsid
Herpes Simplex Virus 2
Micrograph showing the viral cytopathic effect of HSV (multinucleation, ground glass chromatin)

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)[edit | edit source]

HSV-1 primarily causes cold sores or fever blisters on the lips, nostrils, and around the mouth[3]. Although it can also lead to genital herpes, HSV-1 infection in the genital area is less common than HSV-2. Transmission of HSV-1 often occurs through non-sexual routes, such as direct skin-to-skin contact, sharing utensils or drinks, and kissing[4].

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2)[edit | edit source]

HSV-2 is the primary cause of genital herpes, resulting in sores on the external and internal sex organs and glands[5]. HSV-2 transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex[6].

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of herpes infections can vary greatly between individuals. Some people may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms, while others may experience more severe or recurrent outbreaks[7]. Common symptoms of herpes infections include:

  • Painful blisters or ulcers on the skin or mucous membranes
  • Itching, burning, or tingling sensations near the affected area
  • Flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and muscle aches
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the groin area (especially for HSV-2)
  • The initial herpes outbreak is typically the most severe, with symptoms often subsiding over time. However, both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can remain dormant in the body and reactivate, leading to recurrent outbreaks[8].

Diagnosis and Treatment[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of herpes infections is typically based on the appearance of lesions, patient history, and laboratory tests such as viral culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serologic testing for HSV antibodies[9].

While there is currently no cure for herpes infections, antiviral medications such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir can help manage symptoms, reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission to sexual partners[10]. Additionally, practicing safe sex and good hygiene can help reduce the risk of contracting or transmitting HSV[11].

Prevention[edit | edit source]

To prevent the spread of herpes infections, individuals should:

  • Abstain from oral, vaginal, or anal sex when experiencing active herpes outbreaks or prodromal symptoms
  • Use barrier protection, such as condoms and dental dams, during sexual activity
  • Avoid sharing personal items like towels, razors, or utensils with someone who has an active outbreak
  • Wash hands frequently and avoid touching the affected area to minimize the risk of autoinoculation and transmission to others[12].

Individuals with genital herpes should also inform their sexual partners about their infection and discuss the risks involved in sexual activity. Regular testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can help identify asymptomatic cases and reduce the spread of HSV and other STIs[13].

While there is currently no approved vaccine for herpes simplex virus, ongoing research aims to develop effective vaccines that could prevent or reduce the severity of HSV infections[14]. In the meantime, practicing good hygiene, safe sex, and open communication can significantly reduce the risk of transmission and help manage herpes infections.

Summary[edit | edit source]

Herpes simplex virus (HER-peez SIM-plex VY-rus) is a type of virus that causes herpes infections and has DNA as its genetic material. There are two types of herpes simplex viruses. Infections with type 1 viruses cause cold sores on the lips or nostrils. Infections with type 2 viruses cause sores on the genitals (external and internal sex organs and glands). Also called HHV, HSV, and human herpesvirus.

Herpes simplex virus Resources
Wikipedia



WikiMD
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD

Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD