Localized scleroderma

Localized scleroderma is a form of scleroderma that affects only the skin and subcutaneous tissues, unlike systemic scleroderma, which can also affect internal organs. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, or thickening, of the skin.

Symptoms

The symptoms of localized scleroderma can vary greatly depending on the individual and the specific subtype of the disease. Common symptoms include:

• Hardened patches of skin
• Changes in skin color
• Hair loss over affected areas
• Joint pain or stiffness
• Limited range of motion

Causes

The exact cause of localized scleroderma is unknown. However, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Some researchers believe that it may be triggered by a viral infection or exposure to certain environmental factors.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of localized scleroderma is often based on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions. However, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Other tests, such as blood tests or imaging studies, may be used to rule out systemic scleroderma or other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for localized scleroderma is aimed at managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include:

• Topical treatments, such as corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors
• Systemic treatments, such as methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil
• Physical therapy to maintain range of motion and strength
• Regular monitoring for potential complications

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with localized scleroderma is generally good, as it does not typically affect internal organs. However, it can cause significant cosmetic and functional issues, particularly if it affects the face or joints.

See also

• Systemic scleroderma
• Autoimmune diseases
• Dermatology

Localized scleroderma Resources
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