Oritavancin diphosphate

Oritavancin diphosphate is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of skin infections and skin structure infections. It is marketed under the brand name Orbactiv in the United States and Nuvocid in Europe.

History

Oritavancin was first developed by Eli Lilly and Company in the 1990s. However, due to difficulties in manufacturing and development, the drug was later acquired by InterMune in 2001. In 2003, it was further acquired by Targanta Therapeutics, which conducted the Phase III trials. Eventually, the drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014 and is currently marketed by Melinta Therapeutics.

Mechanism of Action

Oritavancin diphosphate works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall, leading to the death of the bacteria. It has a unique mechanism of action as it binds to the peptidoglycan precursors, inhibiting the transglycosylation and transpeptidation steps in cell wall biosynthesis. It also disrupts the bacterial cell membrane potential and integrity.

Clinical Use

Oritavancin diphosphate is used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains), various Streptococcus species, and certain Enterococcus species.

Side Effects

Common side effects of oritavancin diphosphate include headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions, infusion reactions, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

See Also

• List of antibiotics
• Skin infection
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus