Venereal disease

Venereal diseases, also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. Many times STIs initially do not cause symptoms. This results in a greater risk of passing the disease on to others. Symptoms and signs of disease may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain.

Types of Venereal Diseases

There are more than 20 types of venereal diseases. Some of the most common include:

• Gonorrhea: This is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The symptoms include a thick, cloudy or bloody discharge from the penis or vagina. Pain or burning sensation when urinating is also common.

• Syphilis: This is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The primary stage is typically a single non-painful sore on the genitals. The secondary stage is characterized by a rash that usually involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

• Chlamydia: This is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they typically include vaginal discharge or pain with sex in women, and discharge from the penis in men.

• Human papillomavirus (HPV): This is the most common STI in the United States. Some types of HPV can cause genital warts, while others can lead to cancer, including cervical, anal, and oral cancer.

• HIV/AIDS: This is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It interferes with the body's ability to fight off viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause disease, and it can lead to AIDS, a chronic, life-threatening condition.

Prevention

Prevention strategies include vaccination, safe sex practices, including use of condoms and having fewer sexual partners. Regular testing for STIs is also recommended for sexually active individuals to ensure early detection and treatment.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the specific type of venereal disease. Many STIs can be treated and cured with antibiotics, while others require more complex treatment regimens. In some cases, such as with HIV, there is no cure, but the disease can be managed with antiretroviral therapy.