Corns and calluses

Corns and Calluses

Corns and calluses are areas of thickened skin that develop to protect that area from irritation. They occur when something rubs against the skin or causes excessive pressure against part of the skin. The thickening of the skin is a natural response by the skin to protect itself. While both conditions are similar, they have distinct characteristics that differentiate them from one another.

Definition and Symptoms

A corn is a small, circular, thickened lesion in the skin, typically found on the feet. They can be painful when pressed and are often surrounded by inflamed skin. Corns are usually found on non-weight-bearing parts of the skin, such as the tops and sides of the toes and even between the toes. They can be hard or soft; soft corns (heloma molles) are typically found between the toes, whereas hard corns (heloma durums) may form on the tops of toes or on the sole of the foot.

Calluses, on the other hand, are larger and wider than corns and usually develop on the soles of the feet, especially under the heels or balls, on the palms, or on the knees. Calluses are rarely painful and vary in size and shape, while providing a protective layer to the skin.

Causes

Corns and calluses are caused by repeated friction, pressure, or irritation on the skin. Common causes include:

• Wearing ill-fitting shoes: Tight shoes, high heels, or shoes that are too loose can cause friction or pressure.
• Not wearing socks: Socks help to reduce friction between the foot and the shoe.
• Manual labor: People who perform manual labor may develop calluses on their hands due to repeated pressure.
• Sports: Athletes often develop calluses on their hands and feet from the repeated friction associated with sports activities.

Treatment

The treatment for corns and calluses may involve:

• Changing footwear: Wearing shoes that fit well and do not cause pressure or friction.
• Using protective pads: Over-the-counter pads can help relieve pressure on the corns or calluses.
• Trimming away excess skin: A healthcare provider can carefully trim excess skin or shave down thickened skin areas.
• Applying moisturizing creams: To help soften the skin and relieve pain.
• Orthotic devices: Custom shoe inserts prescribed by a healthcare provider can help redistribute pressure on the foot and reduce symptoms.

In some cases, particularly if there is an underlying foot deformity or if corns and calluses become very painful, surgery may be recommended to correct the deformity.

Prevention

Preventing corns and calluses involves reducing or eliminating the circumstances that lead to increased pressure and friction on the skin. This can include:

• Wearing well-fitting, comfortable shoes and socks.
• Using protective pads or bandages in areas that rub against footwear.
• Keeping the feet clean and moisturized.
• Regularly checking the feet for areas of irritation, especially if you have diabetes or another condition that causes poor blood flow to the feet.

Conclusion

Corns and calluses are common skin conditions that can cause discomfort but are generally not harmful. With proper foot care and the use of protective measures, most people can effectively manage and prevent these conditions. If you have diabetes or another condition that affects your feet, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.