Ovarian teratoma

Ovarian teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor that may occur in the ovary. It is derived from germ cells, which are the cells that give rise to eggs in females. Ovarian teratomas are generally benign, but they can occasionally be malignant.

Classification

Ovarian teratomas are classified into three main types: mature teratomas, immature teratomas, and monodermal or specialized teratomas.

Mature teratomas

Mature teratomas, also known as dermoid cysts, are the most common type of ovarian teratoma. They are typically benign and often contain a variety of tissues including skin, hair, teeth, and fat.

Immature teratomas

Immature teratomas are less common and are potentially malignant. They contain immature, embryonic-like tissue.

Monodermal or specialized teratomas

Monodermal teratomas are rare and often benign. They are composed predominantly of one type of tissue.

Symptoms

Symptoms of an ovarian teratoma can vary, but may include abdominal pain, a palpable mass, or ovarian torsion. Some teratomas can also produce hormones, leading to symptoms such as hirsutism or virilization.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an ovarian teratoma typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Blood tests may also be used to measure levels of tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Treatment

Treatment for an ovarian teratoma often involves surgery to remove the tumor. In some cases, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may also be used.

See also

• Ovarian cancer
• Germ cell tumor
• Teratoma

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