P2RX7

P2RX7 (Purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX7 gene. This receptor is part of the P2X receptor family, which are ligand-gated ion channels activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Function

P2RX7 is a receptor for ATP that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. It is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the regulation of inflammation, cell death, and immune response. The receptor is known to form a large pore in the cell membrane upon prolonged activation, which can lead to cell death.

Clinical significance

Mutations and polymorphisms in the P2RX7 gene have been associated with various diseases, including chronic pain, depression, and osteoporosis. The receptor is also a target for drug development in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Structure

The P2RX7 receptor is composed of multiple subunits that form a trimeric structure. Each subunit has two transmembrane domains and a large extracellular loop. The receptor is unique among P2X receptors for its ability to form a large pore that allows the passage of molecules up to 900 Da.

Interactions

P2RX7 interacts with several proteins and signaling pathways. It is known to interact with the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is involved in the activation of caspase-1 and the processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β.

Research

Research on P2RX7 is ongoing, with studies focusing on its role in neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. The receptor is considered a potential therapeutic target due to its involvement in inflammatory pathways and cell death mechanisms.

See also

• P2X receptor
• Ligand-gated ion channel
• Adenosine triphosphate

External links

• P2RX7 gene - NCBI
• P2RX7 protein - UniProt