Pars nervosa

Pars nervosa (also known as the neural lobe or posterior pituitary) is a component of the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. The pars nervosa, along with the pars intermedia and pars distalis, make up the three parts of the pituitary gland.

The pars nervosa is primarily responsible for the storage and release of two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain directly above the pituitary gland, and are transported to the pars nervosa via nerve fibers known as the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract.

Function

The primary function of the pars nervosa is to store and release oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones play crucial roles in a variety of physiological processes.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is involved in a number of functions, including labor and breastfeeding in women. It is also thought to play a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction, and during and after childbirth.

Vasopressin

Vasopressin is primarily responsible for maintaining the body's water balance by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. It can also cause blood vessels to constrict, which increases blood pressure.

Clinical significance

Disorders of the pars nervosa can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, diabetes insipidus can occur if the pars nervosa does not release enough vasopressin, leading to excessive urination and thirst.

See also

• Pituitary gland
• Hypothalamus
• Oxytocin
• Vasopressin
• Diabetes insipidus