AAS

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. They are designed to mimic the effects of testosterone in the body, promoting muscle growth and the development of male sexual characteristics. AAS are used medically to treat certain hormonal issues, but they are also commonly misused for performance enhancement in sports and bodybuilding.

History

The development of AAS began in the 1930s when scientists first synthesized testosterone. The anabolic effects of testosterone were soon recognized, leading to the development of synthetic variants. These compounds were initially used to treat conditions such as delayed puberty, muscle wasting diseases, and hypogonadism.

Mechanism of Action

AAS exert their effects by binding to androgen receptors in various tissues. This binding initiates a cascade of cellular events that result in increased protein synthesis, muscle growth, and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. The anabolic effects are primarily due to the stimulation of protein synthesis, while the androgenic effects are related to the development of male traits.

Medical Uses

AAS are prescribed for several medical conditions, including:

• Hypogonadism: A condition where the body does not produce enough testosterone.
• Delayed puberty: To stimulate the onset of puberty in boys.
• Muscle wasting diseases: Such as HIV/AIDS and certain types of cancer.

Non-Medical Use and Abuse

The non-medical use of AAS is prevalent in sports and bodybuilding. Athletes and bodybuilders use these substances to enhance performance, increase muscle mass, and improve physical appearance. However, the misuse of AAS can lead to significant health risks, including:

• Cardiovascular issues: Such as hypertension and increased risk of heart attack.
• Liver damage: Including liver tumors and peliosis hepatis.
• Hormonal imbalances: Leading to conditions like gynecomastia and testicular atrophy.
• Psychiatric effects: Such as aggression, mood swings, and depression.

Legal Status

The legal status of AAS varies by country. In the United States, AAS are classified as Schedule III controlled substances under the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990. This classification makes it illegal to possess or distribute AAS without a prescription.

Also see

• Testosterone
• Performance-enhancing drugs
• Hypogonadism
• Bodybuilding