Ampicillin sodium

Ampicillin Sodium is a type of antibiotic that belongs to the penicillin group. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those caused by gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.

History

Ampicillin Sodium was first discovered in 1961 by the British company Beecham. It was one of the first semi-synthetic penicillins to be developed and has since become a commonly used antibiotic worldwide.

Medical Uses

Ampicillin Sodium is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and endocarditis. It is also used as a prophylactic before surgery to prevent bacterial infections.

Mechanism of Action

Ampicillin Sodium works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It binds to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leads to cell lysis and death.

Side Effects

Like all antibiotics, Ampicillin Sodium can cause side effects. These may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects such as anaphylaxis or Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Resistance

The widespread use of Ampicillin Sodium has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Some bacteria have developed the ability to produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that inactivates Ampicillin Sodium and other penicillin-type antibiotics.

See Also

• Penicillin
• Antibiotic resistance
• Beta-lactamase

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