Cetirizine

Cetirizine

Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria. It is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, and a racemic selective H1 receptor inverse agonist.

Pharmacology

Cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine, is an antihistamine; its principal effect is to block the effects of histamine in the body, which leads to relief of allergy symptoms. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore, does not cause sedation or drowsiness. It is a potent and selective antagonist of peripheral H1 receptors.

Medical uses

Cetirizine is primarily used for treating allergic symptoms due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, itching of the nose or throat. It can also be used to help control the uncomfortable symptoms of urticaria, the itchy hives that can be a sign of an allergic reaction. It can be used in patients as young as 6 months of age.

Side effects

Common side effects of cetirizine are headache, dry mouth, dizziness, and fatigue. Rarely, it can cause liver function abnormalities, aggression, and severe allergic reactions.

Interactions

Cetirizine can have interactions with certain medications such as theophylline. It is always recommended to discuss with healthcare provider before starting any new medication.

See also

• Antihistamine
• Hydroxyzine
• Histamine
• Hay fever
• Urticaria