Drug induced thrombocytopenia

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood, caused by certain medications. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are blood cells that are crucial for normal blood clotting. In drug-induced thrombocytopenia, certain drugs stimulate the immune system to mistakenly attack and destroy platelets, leading to increased risk of bleeding and bruising.

Causes

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia can be caused by a variety of medications. Some of the most common include heparin, quinine, sulfa drugs, and certain antibiotics. The exact mechanism by which these drugs cause thrombocytopenia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the production of antibodies that target platelets.

Symptoms

The symptoms of drug-induced thrombocytopenia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, there may be no symptoms at all. In more severe cases, symptoms can include easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, spontaneous bleeding from the gums or nose, blood in urine or stools, and in severe cases, internal bleeding.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of drug-induced thrombocytopenia typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as blood tests to measure platelet count. In some cases, a bone marrow biopsy may be performed to rule out other causes of thrombocytopenia.

Treatment

The primary treatment for drug-induced thrombocytopenia is discontinuation of the offending drug. In some cases, corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used to increase platelet count. In severe cases, platelet transfusions may be necessary.

See also

• Thrombocytopenia
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia