History of vegetarianism

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat - red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal; it may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter. The history of vegetarianism has its roots in ancient civilizations and is closely linked with religion, philosophy, ethics, and health.

Ancient Civilizations

The earliest records of vegetarianism come from the 7th century BCE in Ancient India and Ancient Greece. In India, the Vedic period marked the beginning of a diet excluding animal products. This was closely tied to the philosophy of Ahimsa, or non-violence, which was promoted by religious groups like Jainism and later, Buddhism and Hinduism.

In Ancient Greece, the concept of vegetarianism was advocated by philosophers such as Pythagoras, who believed in the transmigration of souls between humans and animals. This belief led to the Pythagorean diet, which excluded the consumption of meat.

Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, vegetarianism was less prevalent due to the spread of Christianity and Islam, religions that did not prohibit meat consumption. However, certain Christian sects like the Cathars and the Bogomils practiced vegetarianism.

Modern Vegetarianism

The modern vegetarian movement began in the 19th century in England. The Vegetarian Society was formed in 1847, promoting the benefits of a diet free from meat. This movement spread to America, leading to the formation of the American Vegetarian Society in 1850.

In the 20th century, vegetarianism gained more recognition due to health, environmental, and ethical concerns. The advent of factory farming and its impact on animal welfare led many to adopt a vegetarian diet. Today, vegetarianism is practiced worldwide, with variations such as veganism, lacto-vegetarianism, and ovo-vegetarianism.

See Also

• Veganism
• Ethical eating
• Animal rights
• History of veganism