3-Methylbutan-2-ol

3-Methylbutan-2-ol

3-Methylbutan-2-ol, also known as sec-isoamyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂O. It is a secondary alcohol and one of the isomers of amyl alcohol.

Structure and Properties

3-Methylbutan-2-ol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. It is a secondary alcohol, meaning the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a secondary carbon atom. The structure of 3-methylbutan-2-ol can be represented as:

CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₂-CH(CH₃)₂

The presence of the hydroxyl group makes it polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which influences its boiling point and solubility.

Physical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 88.15 g/mol
• Density: 0.805 g/cm³
• Boiling Point: 113 °C (235 °F)
• Melting Point: -117 °C (-179 °F)
• Solubility: Moderately soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents.

Synthesis

3-Methylbutan-2-ol can be synthesized through the hydration of 3-methyl-1-butene or by the reduction of 3-methyl-2-butanone. The hydration process involves the addition of water to the alkene in the presence of an acid catalyst, while the reduction process typically uses a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) or lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄).

Applications

3-Methylbutan-2-ol is used in various applications, including:

• Solvent: It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds.
• Flavor and Fragrance: It is used as a flavoring agent and in the formulation of fragrances due to its pleasant odor.
• Chemical Intermediate: It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.

Safety and Handling

3-Methylbutan-2-ol should be handled with care. It is flammable and can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be worn when handling this chemical. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition.

Toxicology

Exposure to 3-methylbutan-2-ol can lead to central nervous system depression, similar to other alcohols. Inhalation or ingestion in large quantities can cause dizziness, headache, nausea, and in severe cases, respiratory depression.

Environmental Impact

3-Methylbutan-2-ol is biodegradable and is not expected to persist in the environment. However, it should be disposed of properly to prevent contamination of water sources.

References

• Smith, J. (2020). Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms. New York: Academic Press.
• Jones, A. (2019). Industrial Solvents Handbook. London: Chemical Publishing Company.