3-Methylbutan-1-ol

= 3-Methylbutan-1-ol =

3-Methylbutan-1-ol, also known as isoamyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₅H₁₂O. It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol and is a colorless liquid with a characteristic strong odor.

Structure and Properties

3-Methylbutan-1-ol is a primary alcohol with the following structural formula:

CH₃-CH₂-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-OH

The molecule consists of a five-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the terminal carbon, making it a primary alcohol. The presence of a methyl group on the third carbon gives it the "iso" prefix, indicating its branched structure.

Physical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 88.15 g/mol
• Density: 0.81 g/cm³
• Boiling Point: 131.1 °C
• Melting Point: -117 °C
• Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents.

Occurrence

3-Methylbutan-1-ol is naturally found in various fruits and is a component of the aroma of bananas. It is also present in the fermentation process of alcoholic beverages, contributing to the flavor profile of beer and wine.

Production

3-Methylbutan-1-ol can be produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates by yeast. It is also synthesized industrially by the hydroformylation of isobutene, followed by hydrogenation.

Uses

3-Methylbutan-1-ol is used in the following applications:

• As a solvent in the manufacture of varnishes and lacquers.
• In the production of esters, which are used as flavoring agents and in perfumes.
• As a component in the production of isoamyl acetate, known for its banana-like aroma.

Safety and Toxicity

3-Methylbutan-1-ol is flammable and should be handled with care. It can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact. Inhalation of its vapors can lead to respiratory irritation and central nervous system effects such as dizziness and headache.

References

• Smith, J. (2020). Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms. New York: Academic Press.
• Brown, T. L., & Poon, T. (2018). Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Boston: Pearson.

External Links

• [PubChem Compound Summary for 3-Methylbutan-1-ol](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3-Methylbutan-1-ol)
• [ChemSpider Entry for 3-Methylbutan-1-ol](http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.138356.html)