Cefpodoxime
(Redirected from Cefpodoxime proxetil)
What is Cefpodoxime?[edit | edit source]
- Cefpodoxime (Banan; Vantin) is a third generation semi synthetic cephalosporin and a beta lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity used for infections such as bronchitis (infection of the airway tubes leading to the lungs); pneumonia; gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease); and infections of the skin, ear, sinuses, throat, tonsils, and urinary tract.
What are the uses of this medicine?[edit | edit source]
Cefpodoxime (Banan; Vantin) is indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains given below:
- Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- Community-acquired pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae or H. Influenzae
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae (non-beta-lactamase-producing strains only), or M. catarrhalis
- Acute, uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including penicillinase-producing strains)
- Acute, uncomplicated ano-rectal infections in women due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including penicillinase-producing strains)
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes
- Acute maxillary sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (cystitis) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Limitations of use:
- The efficacy of cefpodoxime in treating male patients with rectal infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae has not been established.
- In considering the use of cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of cystitis, cefpodoxime proxetil’s lower bacterial eradication rates should be weighed against the increased eradication rates and different safety profiles of some other classes of approved agents.
How does this medicine work?[edit | edit source]
- A third generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity.
- Cefpodoxime's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
- Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains.
- As a result, cefpodoxime inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation.
Who Should Not Use this medicine ?[edit | edit source]
This medicine cannot be used in patients:
- with a known allergy to cefpodoxime or to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
What drug interactions can this medicine cause?[edit | edit source]
- Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Be sure to mention any of the following:
- antacids (Maalox, Mylanta, others)
- cimetidine
- colistimethate (Coly-Mycin M)
- diuretics ('water pills')
- famotidine (Pepcid)
- gentamicin
- kanamycin
- neomycin (Neo-Fradin)
- nizatidine (Axid)
- polymixin B
- probenecid (Probalan)
- ranitidine (Zantac)
- streptomycin
- tobramycin
- vancomycin (Vancocin)
Is this medicine FDA approved?[edit | edit source]
- It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989.
How should this medicine be used?[edit | edit source]
Recommended dosage: FILM-COATED TABLETS:
Type of Infection | Total Daily Dose | Dose Frequency | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis | 200 mg | 100 mg Q 12 hours | 5 to 10 days |
Acute community-acquired pneumonia | 400 mg | 200 mg Q 12 hours | 14 days |
Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis | 400 mg | 200 mg Q 12 hours | 10 days |
Uncomplicated gonorrhea (men and women) and rectal gonococcal infections (women) | 200 mg | single dose | |
Skin and skin structure | 800 mg | 400 mg Q 12 hours | 7 to 14 days |
Acute maxillary sinusitis | 400 mg | 200 mg Q 12 hours | 10 days |
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection | 200 mg | 100 mg Q 12 hours | 7 days |
GRANULES FOR ORAL SUSPENSION:
Type of Infection | Total Daily Dose | Dose Frequency | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis | 200 mg | 100 mg Q 12 hours | 5 to 10 days |
Acute community-acquired pneumonia | 400 mg | 200 mg Q 12 hours | 14 days |
Uncomplicated gonorrhea (men and women) and rectal gonococcal infections (women) | 200 mg | single dose | |
Skin and skin structure | 800 mg | 400 mg Q 12 hours | 7 to 14 days |
Acute maxillary sinusitis | 400 mg | 200 mg Q 12 hours | 10 days |
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection | 200 mg | 100 mg Q 12 hours | 7 days |
Type of Infection | Total Daily Dose | Dose Frequency | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Acute otitis media | 10 mg/kg/day(Max 400 mg/day) | 5 mg/kg Q 12 h (Max 200 mg/dose) | 5 days |
Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis | 10 mg/kg/day (Max 200 mg/day) | 5 mg/kg/dose Q 12 h (Max 100 mg/dose) | 5 to 10 days |
Acute maxillary sinusitis | 10 mg/kg/day (Max 400 mg/day) | 5 mg/kg Q 12 hours (Max 200 mg/dose) | 10 days |
Administration:
- Cefpodoxime comes as a tablet and suspension (liquid) to take by mouth.
- It is usually taken every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days depending on the condition being treated.
- A single dose is given to treat gonorrhea.
- Take the tablet with food; the suspension can be taken with or without food.
- Take cefpodoxime at around the same times every day.
- Shake the suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly.
- Continue to take cefpodoxime until you finish the prescription even if you feel better.
- If you stop taking cefpodoxime too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.
What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?[edit | edit source]
This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
- As a tablet and suspension (liquid)
This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
- Banan; Vantin
What side effects can this medication cause?[edit | edit source]
The most common side effects of this medicine include:
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vaginal Fungal Infections
- Vulvovaginal Infections
- Abdominal Pain
- Headache
Serious, but less common side effects include:
- watery or bloody stools, stomach cramps, or fever during treatment or for up to two or more months after stopping treatment
- difficulty breathing or swallowing
- wheezing
- a return of fever, sore throat, chills, or other signs of infection
- rash
- itching
- hives
What special precautions should I follow?[edit | edit source]
- Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including cefpodoxime proxetil should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold).
- When cefpodoxime proxetil is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed.
- Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
- Cefpodoxime is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
- In patients with transient or persistent reduction in urinary output due to renal insufficiency, the total daily dose of cefpodoxime proxetil should be reduced.
- Cefpodoxime, like other cephalosporins, should be administered with caution to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics.
- As with other antibiotics, prolonged use of cefpodoxime proxetil may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms. Repeated evaluation of the patient’s condition is essential. If superinfection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken.
- If you have phenylketonuria, you should know that cefpodoxime suspension is sweetened with aspartame that forms phenylalanine.
- Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including cefpodoxime proxetil, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.
- If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
What to do in case of emergency/overdose?[edit | edit source]
- In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline of your country. In the United States, call 1-800-222-1222.
- Overdose related information is also available online at poisonhelp.org/help.
- In the event that the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened, immediately call emergency services. In the United States, call 911.
Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?[edit | edit source]
- Pregnancy Category B.
- There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies of cefpodoxime proxetil use in pregnant women.
- Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Can this medicine be used in children?[edit | edit source]
- Safety and efficacy in infants less than 2 months of age have not been established.
What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?[edit | edit source]
Active Ingredients:
- CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL
Inactive Ingredients:
- CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE CALCIUM
- LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE
- HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE
- SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
- CROSPOVIDONE
- STARCH, CORN
- MAGNESIUM STEARATE
- HYPROMELLOSE 2910
- TITANIUM DIOXIDE
- PROPYLENE GLYCOL
- FD&C YELLOW NO. 6
- FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW
Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?[edit | edit source]
Distributed by:
- Nivagen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Sacramento, CA
Manufactured by:
- Novast Laboratories Ltd.
- Nantong, China
What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?[edit | edit source]
- Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).
- Dispense in tight, light-resistant container.
- Replace cap securely after each opening.
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